Muscle pain and tension can significantly impact the quality of life. They can make daily tasks difficult and uncomfortable. To address them, many use pain medications or undergo invasive procedures. Another option to alleviate pain is using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). TENS machines deliver low-voltage electric currents that trigger endorphin production or the pain-gating mechanism. For TENS muscle therapy, the user must apply pads near the pain source and adjust the settings accordingly.
Many people use TENS in medical settings, such as hospitals and pain clinics. Doctors and physical therapists use them to help patients with acute or chronic pain conditions. Individuals may also buy personal TENS machines for home use. There are many models available online and in pharmacies. This allows them to get convenient pain relief. This article will present what TENS therapy is, how it works, and how to apply the therapy.
What is a TENS Muscle Therapy?
TENS muscle therapy involves using a TENS machine for electrical stimulation. It is a non-invasive treatment method that can relieve muscle pain and promote relaxation. TENS machines deliver low-voltage electric currents using externally applied electrode pads. These devices are commonly seen in medical settings. However, there are also portable devices available for home use.
Generally, there are two types of TENS machines. Wired or handheld units use lead cables to connect the electrode patches to the controller and power supply. There are single, dual, and quad channels that allow sets of electrodes to connect. This can provide more powerful stimulation for the therapeutic effects.
Meanwhile, wireless TENS devices use Bluetooth technology to link the electrodes and the controller. Some units have a specific device, while some can connect to smartphone applications. Moreover, some wireless units allow the user to adjust the settings on the electrode itself. This enhances the convenience of TENS, making it easier to use for muscle treatment and relaxation.
Common Uses of the Therapy
- TENS can help relieve sore muscles and alleviate muscular pain due to overuse.
- Many use TENS for pain alleviation from various chronic pain conditions. It provides chronic pain relief for musculoskeletal pain from fibromyalgia and arthritic pain.
- TENS can also help with acute pain conditions. This includes headaches, postoperative pain, and aches from sports injuries like fractures and sprains.
- TENS therapy also helps with neuropathic pain, which includes diabetic neuropathy, stump pain, phantom pain, and sciatica.
- People also use TENS therapy to soothe various body aches, such as knee pain, neck pain, hip pain, and back pain.
How Does TENS Muscle Therapy Work?
TENS muscle therapy works by using electrode patches on the skin to deliver electrical pulses to the underlying sensory nerves. This triggers analgesic mechanisms that result in effective pain relief. Different effects can occur depending on the settings the person uses. They may adjust the frequency, intensity, and pulse-width settings to their comfort level.
Using high-frequency stimulation (50-120 Hz) triggers the spinal nerve cells to block the transmission of pain signals to the brain. This is also known as the pain gate mechanism. It is ideal for acute pain relief because it takes effect quickly. Moreover, it has massage-like sensations that can reduce muscle tension and increase blood flow to the area.
Meanwhile, using low-frequency stimulation (2-10 Hz) triggers the release of endorphins. These natural pain relievers build up and reduce the overall levels of pain intensity. In addition, it can help reduce inflammation, which can improve body mobility. Lastly, it can reduce stress and improve moods. Altogether, using TENS can provide various benefits to individuals.
Main Theories at Work
The precise mechanism of how TENS works is still inconclusive. Nevertheless, two theories generally explain how TENS provides pain relief. Firstly, the Gate Control Theory of Pain. This suggests that electric pulses can cause nerve fibres in the spinal cord to block pain signals. It operates on the idea that these nerves are the gates for painful sensations.
On the other hand, the Endorphin Release Theory suggests that low-frequency electrical currents can stimulate the motor nerves. This, in turn, will trigger the production of endogenous opioids, including endorphins. These bind to opioid receptors, which helps suppress pain sensations.
How to Apply a TENS Muscle Therapy
Using a TENS muscle therapy machine is a straightforward process. People can easily administer it on their own without medical supervision. Nevertheless, it is ideal for the user to familiarise themselves with the device before using it. They should also check if all components are working properly. Additionally, washing the skin with soap and water is ideal for removing body oil, lotions, or dirt that may affect pad adhesion.
To start the session, the user should apply the electrode pads to the target area. Then, they must ensure they are connected to the controller. Once secure, the user may turn the machine on and adjust the settings. It is ideal to start on low settings to prevent electrical shocks or discomfort. Afterwards, they may gradually increase the intensity levels or select a preset mode.
Generally, TENS sessions last between 20 to 30 minutes. However, the user may also follow the instructions given by a medical practitioner for their treatment. When the time elapses, the user may turn off the unit and remove the electrode patches.
Pad Placement Guide
Proper electrode placement is crucial for effective TENS therapy. Hence, people refer to pad placement guides and charts to help them understand where to apply TENS pads for their conditions. Generally, the user should attach the adhesive pads to muscle areas or near the pain source.
They may use multiple pads, but they should ensure that there is at least an inch distance between them. Moreover, they must carefully avoid sensitive areas, such as the spinal cord, throat, chest, and head. Lastly, they should avoid areas with irritated, infected, or broken skin because the electrical nerve stimulation may cause it to worsen.
Conclusion
TENS muscle therapy is an effective option for alleviating muscle pain and discomfort. It uses TENS machines to deliver electrical stimulation to the nerves and trigger the analgesic mechanisms of the body, such as the pain gate mechanism and endorphin release. Moreover, it can increase blood flow to the area, relax muscle tension, and reduce inflammation. To operate a TENS machine, the user must place the pads on muscle areas and adjust the settings according to their condition.
The individual may consult a healthcare professional before using TENS To ensure safety. They may advise if TENS suits the condition and guide them regarding operating the device. Learning which settings work best and ideal electrode placements can improve the benefits the user receives. Interested individuals may purchase wired and wireless units online or in pharmacies. The iTENS from iTENS Australia is one prospect for those looking for a wireless TENS machine.
