Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a treatment method commonly used in physical therapy. Accordingly, TENS in physical therapy uses an electronic device to deliver electrical currents to nerve endings. These electrical stimulations work in various analgesic mechanisms. Furthermore, knowing how to conduct TENS is crucial. Begin by locating the treatment areas and preparing the skin. Then, place the electrode patches. Finally, turn on the device and adjust the settings.
Physical therapy is a crucial aspect of the healthcare industry. It focuses on helping individuals regain function, strength, and mobility. Traditionally, physical therapists employ exercises, massages, and hot and cold therapy. However, TENS treatment offers a promising method of pain relief. It is an effective treatment providing natural and targeted relief. Nevertheless, it is an innovative tool providing other levels of relief. This article will present physical therapy using TENS, how it works, and how to conduct it.
What is TENS in Physical Therapy?
Physical therapy involves therapeutic exercises and interventions to restore, maintain, or improve physical abilities. The field leverages various techniques to assist individuals recovering from injuries, surgeries, or managing medical conditions. Among these techniques, TENS plays a vital role. It is a natural pain management tool and facilitates the participation of patients in their physical therapy programs.
TENS in physical therapy utilises an electrical device to send electrical impulses to the body. It streams the electric currents through electrode pads placed on the skin. Accordingly, TENS units are widely used by physical therapists and patients dealing with various types of pain. TENS enables individuals to engage more effectively in treatment programs. Thus, it enhances recovery and rehabilitation outcomes.
The devices used for TENS therapy come primarily in two types: traditional and wireless. Traditional TENS units are connected to the electrode patches via lead cables. On the other hand, wireless TENS units offer greater flexibility and convenience. These devices eliminate the need for wires. Individuals can manually control the stimulation or on a smartphone app via Bluetooth.
Treatable Conditions
- Acute pain: It is often sudden and sharp. The condition can stem from injuries, surgeries, and sudden illnesses.
- Chronic conditions: It is persistent and often fluctuates over months or years. Conditions like neck pain, arthritis pain, backaches, and fibromyalgia can benefit from TENS.
- Nerve pain: It results from damaged or dysfunctional nerves. Conditions like sciatica and diabetic neuropathy can cause this sharp or burning discomfort:
- Musculoskeletal discomfort: It involves the muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. This type of pain may include rheumatoid arthritis, tendonitis, and bursitis.
- Muscle discomfort: It stems from overuse, tension, or injury. Typically, it involves aches and soreness in the muscles.
How TENS in Physical Therapy Works
TENS in physical therapy works in various ways. Firstly, TENS encourages the release of endorphins. Precisely, the electrical pulses from TENS can trigger the production of endorphins. Endorphins are the natural pain-relieving chemicals of the body. They are akin to morphine and can bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. As a result, it can induce feelings of well-being.
Secondly, the device operates on the pain gate mechanism. It suggests that there is a neurological “gate” that controls the transmission of pain signals to the brain. When this is open, pain messages get through to the brain. Conversely, these messages are blocked when the “gate” is closed. Nevertheless, the electrical signals from TENS can effectively close the “gate”, reducing the sensation of discomfort.
In addition, TENS aids in enhancing blood flow to the targeted areas. Improved blood circulation is pivotal for healing. It supplies oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products from the body tissues. Accordingly, this accelerates the healing process and alleviates discomfort by reducing the buildup of pain-inducing chemicals in the tissues. It also helps in reducing inflammation.
Benefits of TENS Treatment
Foremost, TENS delivers targeted pain relief. It directs the electrical impulses to specific areas of discomfort. Secondly, TENS therapy is non-invasive and drug-free. Hence, this quality makes it an attractive option for patients seeking alternatives to surgical procedures or pharmaceutical solutions.
Thirdly, TENS treatment is customisable. Conductors can tailor the pulse frequency, intensity, and duration. Nevertheless, it can match specific needs and tolerance levels. Additionally, TENS therapy boasts versatility. It is suitable for a wide array of pain types and can be used alongside other therapeutic modalities. It can also cater for those who cannot engage in physical exercises.
How to Conduct TENS in Physical Therapy
Conducting TENS in physical therapy involves a series of steps. Begin by locating or identifying the area of the body experiencing discomfort. Then, prepare the skin over it and place the electrode patches accordingly. Adhering to the proper electrode placement is crucial in this step. Afterwards, connect the electrodes to the central machines using cables or to a smartphone via Bluetooth.
Next, turn on the TENS unit and set the parameters. It involves adjusting the frequency, intensity, and duration of the electrical stimulation. Additionally, some TENS models have pre-set programs. Thus, choose the appropriate program. These settings are customised to the condition and tolerance level of the users. It aims to provide optimal relief without causing discomfort.
The treatment session typically lasts between 20 to 30 minutes. Users may feel a tingling or buzzing sensation during that time. It is normal and should not cause any discomfort or further pain. Monitor the response of the body and adjust the settings if necessary. After the session, turn off the TENS unit and carefully remove the electrode pads from the skin.
Safety Guidelines
Before initiating TENS therapy, it is crucial to consult a medical professional. This action is particularly vital for individuals with underlying medical conditions. Accordingly, clean and dry the skin in the treatment area. It is to avoid skin irritation or allergic reactions. Avoid placing the electrodes on the head, eyes, mouth, throat, chest, bony prominences, and broken skin.
Additionally, start with lower settings and gradually increase it to a comfortable level. It eliminates electrical shock or muscle twitching. During the session, continuously monitor the response to the treatment. Adjust the settings or stop the session if discomfort or adverse reactions arise.
Conclusion
In summary, TENS is a valuable tool in physical therapy. TENS in physical therapy uses a device to deliver electrical currents to the nerve fibres. These devices are available in wired and wireless functionalities. Accordingly, TENS works by employing various mechanisms. It includes the pain gate mechanism and the release of endorphins. Additionally, TENS can improve blood circulation. Nevertheless, TENS therapy can treat acute and chronic conditions. It can also manage musculoskeletal, muscular, and neuropathic pain.
TENS treatment presents numerous benefits. It is non-invasive, drug-free, customisable, versatile, and provides targeted relief. It benefits individuals who cannot engage or want to complement other physical therapy techniques. Furthermore, conducting TENS therapy is easy. Start by locating the treatment area. Next, place the electrodes. Finally, adjust the settings and initiate the stimulation. However, knowing the safety guidelines is crucial for optimal TENS therapy experience.
